Distinctio: Figure of explication in which an introductory reference to a word's meaning is made (e.g., "by x I mean", "which is to say that", "that is") followed by a further elaboration of that word's meaning; explicit definition of or elaboration upon the meaning or meanings of a particular word or set of words. Ex: “My new iMac Pro, with 64 GB RAM and 4TB SSD has 11 times as many bytes of electronic memory as the Apple II, and by "Apple II," I mean the total of all electronic memory ever installed in all six million Apple II computers ever made.” -- Bruce Tog Tognazzini, Tweet, 3 January 2018 |
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Further Examples | |
"Access to health care is a right not a privilege for the society. No country will succeed without properly preparing their health system. The best strategies and plans will not succeed without the people to deliver them. When I talk of people, I am referring to the health and care workers: our doctors, our nurses, our midwives, our pharmacists, and the many other wonderful professions and occupations." -- Princess Muna al-Hussein, Address to the World Health Assembly |
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"Let me walk you through the five procedural errors that occurred in conjunction with that mission [the flying of 12 cruise missiles back to Barksdale AFB, Louisiana] that facilitated this serious and unprecedented incident. As you see here -- if we'll bring up slide 1, please -- on the morning of August 29th, a team of Minot airmen was dispatched to the base Weapons Storage Area to pick up and transport two pylons to a Barksdale B-52 aircraft. For those of you unfamiliar with the term "pylon," for our purposes today, a pylon is a self-contained package of six cruise missiles that can be quickly mounted to the wing of a B-52." -- U.S. Department of Defense briefing on B-52 munitions and the "Bent Spear" incident, delivered 20 October 2007 by Major General Richard Y. Newton III, USAF |
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"I've been in football all my life, really, and I want to say this -- that it's a great game, and it's a Spartan type of game. I mean by that it takes Spartan qualities in order to be a part of it, to play it. And I speak of the Spartan qualities of sacrifice and self-denial rather than that other Spartan quality of leaving the weak to die." -- Vince Lombardi |
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"'We need a re-moralization of society. And we need it most urgently today because we are approaching a state of demoralization. Two senses of demoralization: the familiar one of the loss of morale -- of contentment and good spirit; and the more serious one of the loss of morality, of moral bearings and convictions." -- Gertrude Himmelfarb, John M. Ashbrook Memorial Dinner Address Nuance Note: The use here forgoes the common introductory reference in favor of a precise bifurcation of a key term's ("demoralization") meaning (i.e., "two senses"). |
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"The great, large achievement of liberalism in the 20th century is the welfare state. And that achievement, today, makes additional liberalism virtually impossible. By 'additional liberalism,' I mean more of the same -- energetic, high-spending, high tax, redistributionist egalitarian government." -- George F. Will, John M. Ashbrook Memorial Dinner Address |
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"There are evolving terrorist threats -- they don't go away. We're now dealing with the emerging cybersecurity threat, and when I say 'emerging' -- it really is here, but we have huge responsibilities under that now, which are somewhat new." - Janet Napolitano, Press briefing on the impacts of sequestration on DHS, 25 February 2013 |
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"Now, first I should define my terms: 'man' and 'God.' By man, of course, I mean society -- social man...." -- Timothy Leary, Harvard Law School Forum Address |
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"Barbara, we believe that Assad has used chemical weapons several times over the last several years, violated the international law that has prohibited their use since 1925. Syria is a signatory to that international convention. For them to have done this several times recently -- over the last several years is what I mean by 'recently' -- you've got to ask him why he chose now to try it again. I trust he regrets it now, considering the damage done to his air force; but when I say he should think long and hard about it, I'll just let the mission speak for itself on that score." -- SecDef James Mattis, Pentagon Briefing on Shayrat Airbase Missile Strike Nuance Note: In some cases, the reference to a term's meaning may be signaled after its elaboration without damage to the figure's core rhetorical function, as exemplified above. |
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"We must address ourselves to the fact that if we dare end discrimination against women, which means if we dare finally take women seriously as people...." -- Betty Friedan, Harvard Law School Forum Address |
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"It was the best of times, it was the wo -- I say, worst of times; and by worst I'm talkin' as ba -- I say, as bad as my aunt Jenny's corn puddin'. That stuff will sink you like a stone." -- delivered by Foghorn Leghorn for GEICO |
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