[AUTHENTICITY CERTIFIED: Text version below transcribed by carefully comparing three different audio/video sources. See footnotes below for clarification and further information.]

Mr. Speaker,

I stand before you today to offer an apology to former students of Indian Residential Schools. The treatment of children in Indian Residential Schools is a sad chapter in our history.¹

In the 1870's, the federal government, partly in order to meet its obligation to educate Aboriginal children, began to play a role in the development and administration of these schools.² Two primary objectives of the Residential Schools system were to remove and isolate children from the influence of their home, families, traditions, and cultures, and to assimilate them into the dominant culture.  These objectives were based on the assumption that Aboriginal cultures and spiritual beliefs were inferior and unequal. Indeed, some sought, as was infamously said, "to kill the Indian in the child." Today, we recognize that this policy of assimilation was wrong, has caused great harm, and has no place in our country.³

One hundred and thirty-two federally-supported schools were located in every province and territory, except Newfoundland, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island.⁴  Most schools were operated as "joint ventures" with Anglican, Catholic, Presbyterian, and United Churches.  The Government of Canada built an educational system in which very young children were often forcibly removed from their homes, often taken far from their communities.  Many were inadequately fed, clothed, and housed.  All were deprived of the care and nurturing of their parents, grandparents, and communities.  First Nations, Inuit, and Métis languages and cultural practices were prohibited in these schools.  Tragically, some of these children died while attending residential schools, and others never returned home.

The government now recognizes that the consequences of the Indian Residential Schools policy were profoundly negative and that this policy has had a lasting and damaging impact on Aboriginal culture, heritage, and language.  While some former students have spoken positively about their experiences at residential schools, these stories are far overshadowed by tragic accounts of the emotional, physical, and sexual abuse and neglect of helpless children, and their separation from powerless families and communities.⁵

The legacy of Indian Residential Schools has contributed to social problems that continue to exist in many communities today.⁶ 

It has taken extraordinary courage for the thousands of survivors that have come forward to speak publicly about the abuse they suffered.  It is a testament to their resilience as individuals and to the strengths of their cultures.  Regrettably, many former students are not with us -- not with us today and died never having received a full apology from the Government of Canada.

The government recognizes that the absence of an apology has been an impediment to healing and reconciliation.  Therefore, on behalf of the Government of Canada and all Canadians, I stand before you, in this Chamber so vital, so central to our existence as a country, to apologize to Aboriginal peoples for the role the Government of Canada played in Indian -- in the Indian Residential Schools system.⁷

To the approximately 80,000 living former students, and all family members and communities:

The Government of Canada now recognizes that it was wrong to forcibly remove children from their homes, and we apologize for having done this.

We now recognize that it was wrong to separate children from rich and vibrant cultures and traditions -- that it created a void in many lives and communities, and we apologize for having done this.

We now recognize that, in separating children from their families, we undermined the ability of many to adequately parent their own children and sowed the seeds for generations to follow, and we apologize for having done this.

We now recognize that, far too often, these institutions gave rise to abuse or neglect and were inadequately controlled, and we apologize for failing to protect you.

Not only did you suffer these abuses as children, but as you became parents, you were powerless to protect your own children from suffering the same experience, and for this we are sorry.

The burden of this experience has been on your shoulders for far too long.  The burden is properly ours as a Government, and as a country.  There is no place in Canada for the attitudes that inspired the Indian Residential Schools system to ever prevail again. You have been working on recovering from this experience for a long time and in a very real sense, we are now joining you on this journey. The Government of Canada sincerely apologizes and asks the forgiveness of the Aboriginal peoples of this country for failing them so profoundly.⁸

Nous le regrettons.
We are sorry.
Nimitataynan. Niminchinowesamin. Mamiattugut.

In moving towards healing, reconciliation, and resolution of the sad legacy of Indian Residential Schools, the implementation of the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement began on September 19, 2007. Years of work by survivors, communities, and Aboriginal organizations culminated in an agreement that gives us a new beginning and an opportunity to move forward together in partnership.

A cornerstone of the Indian -- of the Settlement Agreement is the Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission.  This Commission represents a unique opportunity to educate all Canadians on the Indian Residential Schools system.  It will be a positive step in forging a new relationship between Aboriginal peoples and other Canadians, a relationship based on the knowledge of our shared history, a respect for each other, and a desire to move forward with a renewed understanding that strong families, strong communities, and vibrant cultures and traditions will contribute to a stronger Canada for all of us.⁹

God bless all of you.

God bless our land.